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\def\V(#1){\VEC{#1}}
% ____ _ _ _
% / ___|__ _| |__ ___ ___ __ _| | |__ ___
% | | / _` | '_ \ / _ \/ __/ _` | | '_ \ / _ \
% | |__| (_| | |_) | __/ (_| (_| | | | | | (_) |
% \____\__,_|_.__/ \___|\___\__,_|_|_| |_|\___/
%
{\setlength{\parindent}{0em}
\footnotesize
\par Geometria Analítica
\par PURO-UFF - 2017.1
\par VR - 18/jul/2017 - Eduardo Ochs
\par Respostas sem justificativas não serão aceitas.
\par Proibido usar quaisquer aparelhos eletrônicos.
}
\bsk
\bsk
{
\setlength{\parindent}{0em}
\def\T(Total: #1 pts){{\bf(Total: #1 pts)}}
\def\T(Total: #1 pts){{\bf(Total: #1)}}
\def\B (#1 pts){{\bf(#1 pts)}}
% Usage:
% 1) \T(Total: 2.34 pts) Foo
% a) \B(0.45 pts) Bar
% (find-angg "LATEX/2015-2-GA-P2.tex")
% (find-angg "LATEX/2015-2-GA-P2.tex")
1) \T(Total: 2.5 pts) Sejam $A=(-5,0)$, $B=(5,0)$, $\vv_m=\VEC{1,m}$,
$\ww_m=\VEC{1,-1/m}$, $r_m=\setofst{A+t\vv_m}{t∈\R}$,
$s_m=\setofst{A+t\ww_m}{t∈\R}$, $P_m=r_m∩s_m$.
$C_α=\setofxyst{x^2+y^2=α}$.
a) \B(0.2 pts) Represente graficamente $A, B, r_1, s_1, P_1$.
b) \B(0.3 pts) Represente graficamente $A, B, r_2, s_2, P_2$.
c) \B(1.0 pts) Dê as coordenadas de $P_m$ para $m=1,2,3,-1,-2,-3,
\frac12, \frac13, -\frac12, -\frac13$.
d) \B(1.0 pts) Para que valor de $α$ o círculo $C_α$ fica tangente a
$r_2$?
\bsk
\bsk
2) \T(Total: 3.0 pts) Faça esboços das cônicas com as equações abaixo.
Algumas delas são degeneradas. Em todos os itens abaixo considere que
$u=(x-4)/2$ e $v=y-x/2$ --- ou que $u$ e $v$ são {\sl abreviações} para
$(x-4)/2$ e $y-x/2$.
%
$$
\begin{tabular}[t]{rl}
a) (0.5 pts) & $u(u-1)=0$ \\
b) (0.5 pts) & $v(v-1)=0$ \\[4pt]
c) (0.2 pts) & $u^2+v^2=0$ \\
d) (0.3 pts) & $u^2+v^2=1$ \\[4pt]
\end{tabular}
\quad
\begin{tabular}[t]{rl}
e) (0.2 pts) & $uv=0$ \\
f) (0.4 pts) & $uv=1$ \\
g) (0.4 pts) & $uv=-1$ \\[4pt]
h) (0.5 pts) & $u^2=v$ \\
i) (0.5 pts) & $u=v^2$ \\
\end{tabular}
$$
\bsk
3) \T(Total: 5.5 pts) Sejam $π=\setofxyzst{2x+2y+z=4}$, $O=(0,0,0)$ e
$r=\setofst{(1,2,3)+t\VEC{2,1,0}}{t∈\R}$.
a) \B(0.2 pts) Dê as coordenadas do ponto $F∈π∩r$.
b) \B(1.0 pts) Encontre o ponto $G∈r$ mais próximo do ponto $(0,0,0)$.
c) \B(1.0 pts) Encontre o ponto $H∈π$ mais próximo do ponto $(0,0,0)$.
d) \B(1.0 pts) Calcule $d(π,(0,0,0))$ usando `$×$'.
e) \B(0.3 pts) Verifique se os resultados dos seus itens (b) e (c) são coerentes.
f) \B(1.0 pts) Dê a equação de um plano $π'$ paralelo a $π$ e tal que $d(π,π')=1$.
g) \B(0.5 pts) Encontre um ponto $J∈r$ tal que $d(π,J)=1$.
h) \B(0.5 pts) Encontre um ponto $K∈r$ tal que $d(π,K)=2$.
\newpage
{\bf Gabarito:} (não revisado)
\bsk
% _
% / |
% | |
% | |
% |_|
%
1a) (desenho)
1b) (desenho)
1c) $P_1=(0,5)$,
$P_2=(3,4)$,
$P_3=(4,3)$,
$P_{-1}=(0,-5)$,
$P_{-2}=(3,-4)$,
$P_{-3}=(4,-3)$,
$P_{1/2}=(-3,4)$,
$P_{1/3}=(-4,3)$,
$P_{-1/2}=(-3,-4)$,
$P_{-1/3}=(-4,-3)$.
1d) $α=20$
\bsk
% ____
% |___ \
% __) |
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\def\mygrid{
\pictlinethin{v(2, 0), v(0, 1), -1.5, 3} % u = -1
\pictlinethin{v(4, 0), v(0, 1), -0.5, 4} % u = 0
\pictlinethin{v(6, 0), v(0, 1), 0.5, 5} % u = 0
\pictlinethin{v(0, 1), v(1,.5), -2, 8} % v = 1
\pictlinethin{v(0, 0), v(1,.5), -2, 8} % v = 0
\pictlinethin{v(0,-1), v(1,.5), -2, 8} % v = -1
}
2a) % a) u(u-1)=0
$\vcenter{\hbox{%
\beginpicture(-2,-2)(8,5)%
\pictaxes%
\mygrid
\pictline{v(4, 0), v(0,1), -0.5, 4} % u = 0
\pictline{v(6, 0), v(0,1), 0.5, 5} % u = 1
\end{picture}%
}}$
\;
2b) % b) v(v-1)=0
$\vcenter{\hbox{%
\beginpicture(-2,-2)(8,5)%
\pictaxes%
\mygrid
\pictline{v(0, 0), v(1, .5), -2, 8} % v = 0
\pictline{v(0, 1), v(1, .5), -2, 8} % v = 1
\end{picture}%
}}$
\;
2c) % c) u^2+v^2=0
$\vcenter{\hbox{%
\beginpicture(-2,-2)(8,5)%
\pictaxes%
\mygrid
\put(4,2){\closeddot}
\end{picture}%
}}$
\;
2d) % d) u^2+v^2=1
$\vcenter{\hbox{%
\beginpicture(-2,-2)(8,5)%
\pictaxes%
\mygrid
\pictellipse{v(4,2), v(2,1), v(0,1)}
% \picthyperbole{v(2,-2), v(1,0), v(-1,1), 1}{10, -4, -1/2, 1/4, 4}
% \put(2,-2){\closeddot}
% \pictline{v(0,-2), v(1,0), -1, 5} % y-2 = 0
% \pictline{v(0, 0), v(1,-1), -2, 4} % x+y = 0
\end{picture}%
}}$
\msk
2e) % e) uv=0
$\vcenter{\hbox{%
\beginpicture(-2,-2)(8,5)%
\pictaxes%
\mygrid
\pictline{v(4, 0), v(0,1), -0.5, 4} % u = 0
\pictline{v(0, 0), v(1,.5), -2, 8} % v = 0
\end{picture}%
}}$
\quad
2f) % f) uv=1
$\vcenter{\hbox{%
\beginpicture(-2,-2)(8,5)%
\pictaxes%
\mygrid
\picthyperbole{v(4,2), v(2,1), v(0,1), 1}{10, -3, -1/3, 1/3, 3}
\end{picture}%
}}$
\;
2g) % g) uv=-1
$\vcenter{\hbox{%
\beginpicture(-2,-2)(8,5)%
\pictaxes%
\mygrid
\picthyperbole{v(4,2), v(-2,-1), v(0,1), 1}{10, -3, -1/3, 1/3, 3}
\end{picture}%
}}$
2h) % h) u^2=v
$\vcenter{\hbox{%
\beginpicture(-2,-2)(8,5)%
\pictaxes%
\mygrid
\pictparabola{v(4,2), v(2,1), v(0,1), 2}{10, -1.6, 1.4}
\end{picture}%
}}$
\;
2i)
$\vcenter{\hbox{%
\beginpicture(-2,-2)(8,5)%
\pictaxes%
\mygrid
\pictparabola{v(4,2), v(0,1), v(2,1), 2}{10, -1.4, 1.4}
% \pictellipse{v(4,6), v(2,0), v(0,3)}
\end{picture}%
}}$
\bsk
3) Sejam $\nn=\VEC{2,2,1}$, $\nn'=\VEC{\frac23,\frac23,\frac13}$,
$A=(1,2,3)$, $\vv=\VEC{2,1,0}$.
3a) $\begin{array}[t]{l}
F=(1+2t, 2+t, 3), \\
F∈π \quad⇒\quad 2(1+2t) + 2(2+t) + 3 = 4
\quad⇒\quad 9 + 6t = 4 \\
⇒\quad t = -\frac 56 \quad⇒\quad F=(1-2\frac56, 2-\frac56, 3)=(-\frac46, \frac76, 3) \\
\end{array}
$
3b) $\begin{array}[t]{rcl}
\Pr_\vv \Vec{AO}
&=& \Pr_{\VEC{2,1,0}} \VEC{-1,-2,-3} \\
&=& \frac{\VEC{2,1,0}·\VEC{-1,-2,-3}}{\VEC{2,1,0}·\VEC{2,1,0}} \VEC{2,1,0} \\
&=& -\frac45 \VEC{2,1,0} \\
&=& \VEC{-\frac85, -\frac45, 0} \\
G &=& A + \Pr_\vv \Vec{AO} \\
&=& (1,2,3) + \VEC{-\frac85, -\frac45, 0} \\
&=& (-\frac35, \frac65, 3) \\
\end{array}
$
Repare que $\Vec{GO} = \VEC{\frac35, -\frac65, -3}$ é ortogonal a $\vv$.
3c) Seja $s = \setofst{O+t\nn}{t∈\R} = \setofst{(2t,2t,t)}{t∈\R}$;
$O∈s$ e $s⊥π$. Seja $H∈s∩s$; $(2t,2t,t)∈π$ quando $9t=4 \;⇒\;
t=\frac49 \;⇒\; H=(\frac89, \frac89, \frac49)$.
3d) Sejam $A=(2,0,0)$, $B=(0,2,0)$, $C=(0,0,4)$; $A,B,C∈π$. Sejam
$\uu=\Vec{AB}=\VEC{-2,2,0}$, $\vv=\Vec{AC}=\VEC{-2,0,4}$,
$\ww=\Vec{AO}=\VEC{-2,0,0}$. Então $\uu×\vv = \VEC{8,8,4}$,
$\area(\uu,\vv) = ||\uu×\vv|| = 12$, $|[\uu,\vv,\ww]| = \vsm{-2 & 2 &
0 \\ -2 & 0 & 4 \\ -2 & 0 & 0} = -16$,
$\frac{|[\uu,\vv,\ww]|}{\area(\uu,\vv)} = \frac{-16}{12} = -\frac43$,
$d(π,O) = |-\frac43| = \frac43$.
3e) $d(H,O) = ||\VEC{-\frac89, -\frac89, -\frac49}|| = ||\frac19
\VEC{8, 8, 4}|| = \frac19 ||\VEC{8, 8, 4}|| = \frac{12}{9} = \frac43$;
ou seja, $d(H,O)=d(π,O)$.
\newpage
% _____ __ _
% |___ / / _| __ _ __ _| |__
% |_ \| |_ / _` |/ _` | '_ \
% ___) | _| | (_| | (_| | |_) |
% |____/|_| \__, |\__,_|_.__/
% |___/
3f) O modo mais rápido é aproveitar que
$\nn'=\VEC{\frac23,\frac23,\frac13}$ é um vetor normal a $π$ com
$||\nn'|| = 1$. Como $A=(2,0,0)∈π$, $d(A+\nn',π) = d(A-\nn',π) = 1$;
generalizando: $d(A+k\nn',π) = ||k\nn'|| = |k|$.
{\sl Vou fazer umas contas que vão resolver este item e os próximos
dois de uma vez só.}
Seja $A_k = A+k\nn' = (2,0,0)+k\VEC{\frac23,\frac23,\frac k3} =
(\frac{6+2k}{3}, \frac{2k}{3}, \frac k3)$. As soluções deste item são o
plano paralelo a $π$ que contêm $A_1$ e o plano paralelo a $π$ que
contém $A_{-1}$. Os planos paralelos a $π$ são da forma
$\setofxyzst{2x+2y+z=α}$, então vamos definir
$π_α=\setofxyzst{2x+2y+z=α}$; repare que $π=π_4$, $A=A_0$,
$A_0∈π_4$.
%
$$\begin{array}{rcl}
(x,y,z) ∈ π_α &⇒& α = 2x+2y+z \\
A_k ∈ π_α &⇒& α = 2\frac{6+2k}{3} + 2\frac{2k}{3} + \frac k3 \\
&⇒& α = \frac{12+4k+4k+k}{3} = \frac{12+9k}{3} = 4+3k \\
&⇒& π_α = \setofxyzst{2x+2y+z=4+3k}, \\
A_1∈π_α &⇒& π_α = \setofxyzst{2x+2y+z=7}, \\
A_{-1}∈π_α &⇒& π_α = \setofxyzst{2x+2y+z=1}. \\
\end{array}
$$
3g) Seja $R_t = (1,2,3)+t\VEC{2,1,0} = (1+2t, 2+t, 3)$. Temos:
%
$$\begin{array}{rcl}
R_t∈π_α &⇒& (1+2t, 2+t, 3)∈π_α \\
&⇒& α = 2(1+2t) + 2(2+t) + 3 = 2+4t+4+2t+3 = 9+6t \\
&⇒& t = \frac{α-9}{6} \\
&⇒& R_t = (1+2\frac{α-9}{6}, 2+\frac{α-9}{6}, 3)
= (\frac{6+2α-9}{6}, \frac{12+α-9}{6}, 3) \\
&⇒& r∩π_α = R_t = (\frac{2α-3}{6}, \frac{α+3}{6}, 3) \\
\end{array}
$$
%
As soluções são
%
$$\begin{array}{rcl}
r∩π_7 &=& (\frac{2·7-3}{6}, \frac{7+3}{6}, 3) = (\frac{11}{6}, \frac{10}{6}, 3), \\
r∩π_1 &=& (\frac{2·1-3}{6}, \frac{1+3}{6}, 3) = (\frac{-1}{6}, \frac{4}{6}, 3). \\
\end{array}
$$
3f) As soluções são
%
$$\begin{array}{rcl}
r∩π_{10} &=& (\frac{2· 10-3}{6}, \frac{10+3}{6}, 3) = (\frac{17}{6}, \frac{13}{6}, 3), \\
r∩π_{-2} &=& (\frac{2·(-2)-3}{6}, \frac{-2+3}{6}, 3) = (\frac{-7}{6}, \frac {1}{6}, 3). \\
\end{array}
$$
\bsk
\bsk
\bsk
Obs: se $π=\setofst{A + t\uu + t'\vv}{t,t'∈\R}$ então:
$d(π,A+\ww) = \left| \frac{|[\uu,\vv,\ww|}{||\uu×\vv||} \right|
= \left| \frac{(\uu×\vv)·\ww}{||\uu×\vv||} \right|
= \frac{|(\uu×\vv)·\ww|}{||\uu×\vv||}$.
Usando o $\uu$ e o $\vv$ do item 3d, temos $\uu×\vv=\VEC{8,8,4}$ e
$d(π,A+\ww) = \frac{|\VEC{8,8,4}·\ww|}{12} = \frac{|\VEC{2,2,1}·\ww|}{3}$.
Isto também vale para planos paralelos a $π$:
se $π_α=\setofxyzst{2x+2y+z=α}$ e $(x_0,y_0,z_0)∈π_α$ então
$d(π_α,A_α+\ww) = \frac{|\VEC{2,2,1}·\ww|}{3}$,
$d(π_α,(x,y,z)) = \frac{|\VEC{2,2,1}·\VEC{x-x_0, y-y_0, z-z_0}|}{3}$.
%
%
% $π_α = \setofxyzst{2x+2y+z=α}$. A interseção de $r$ com $π_α$ é:
%
% $$\begin{array}{rcl}
% (1+2t, 2+t, 3) ∈ π_α &=& 2(1+2t) + 2(2+t) + 3 = α \\
% &=& 2 + 4t + 4 + 2t + 3 = α \\
% &=& 6t + 9 = α \\
% &=& t = \frac{α-9}{6} \\
% (1+2t, 2+t, 3) &=& (1+2\frac{α-9}{6}, 2+\frac{α-9}{6}, 3) \\
% &=& (\frac{-3+2α}{6}, \frac{3+α}{6}, 3) \\
% r∩π_α &=& (\frac{-3+2α}{6}, \frac{3+α}{6}, 3) \\
% \end{array}
% $$
%
%
%
%
% \newpage
%
%
% \bsk
% \bsk
%
\end{document}
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